top of page


NY Times v. Sullivan Saves Freedom of the Press
The Supreme Court’s decision in The New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), checks all the definitional boxes of a landmark ruling. It...
Brenna Gerhardt
Feb 16, 20224 min read


The Abrams Dissent: New Life for Freedom of Speech
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’s iconic dissenting opinion in Abrams v. United States (1919) transformed the Clear and Present Danger Test...
Brenna Gerhardt
Feb 2, 20224 min read


Justice Holmes’s Changing Conceptions of Free Speech
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’s opinion for the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States (1919) shocked his libertarian friends and...
Brenna Gerhardt
Jan 27, 20224 min read


“Free Speech Origins: Clear and Present Danger Test”
America’s free speech story, as written in Supreme Court decisions, did not begin until World War I when the Court declared in 1919, in...
Brenna Gerhardt
Jan 20, 20224 min read


Clinton v. Jones, Presidential Immunity and Donald Trump
Great questions of constitutional law—how can the president be held accountable, whether the president is amenable to the judicial...
Brenna Gerhardt
Jan 13, 20225 min read


Cooper v. Aaron: Striking Down Nullification, Again
In 1958, in Cooper v. Aaron, the Supreme Court, ensnared in the white-hot cauldron of southern resistance to federal authority, the...
Brenna Gerhardt
Jan 13, 20224 min read


McCulloch v. Maryland: Why We Have Implied Powers
By virtually every measurement, McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) ranks as Chief Justice John Marshall’s greatest opinion, and, in the view of...
Brenna Gerhardt
Jan 6, 20224 min read


Landmark Decisions: Why Federal Courts Possess Authority Over States
The Supreme Court’s assertion in Marbury v. Madison (1803) of the power of judicial review, the authority to declare federal governmental...
Brenna Gerhardt
Dec 28, 20216 min read


“Federalist 78: Foundation for Marbury v. Madison”
The Federalist Papers, it has been said, constitute one of the most important works in the world of political science ever written in the...
Brenna Gerhardt
Dec 20, 20214 min read


“Origins of Judicial Review and Marbury v. Madison”
Skeptics of the federal judiciary’s authority to declare laws unconstitutional have expressed doubts and concerns ever since the Supreme...
Brenna Gerhardt
Dec 9, 20214 min read


Marbury v. Madison: The Greatest of Landmark Decisions
The first landmark ruling delivered by the U.S. Supreme Court was Marbury v. Madison (1803), in which Chief Justice John Marshall...
Brenna Gerhardt
Dec 2, 20215 min read


“Why We Study Landmark Judicial Decisions”
The yearlong commitment of this column to the exploration of the Constitution has focused, primarily, on historical explanations of the...
Brenna Gerhardt
Nov 29, 20213 min read


Court’s Creation of Executive Privilege Without Foundation
The Supreme Court’s historic rejection in U.S. v. Nixon (1974) –“The Watergate Tapes Case”--of President Richard Nixon’s assertion of an...
Brenna Gerhardt
Nov 17, 20214 min read


Executive Privilege: Flimsy Historical Defenses
Delegates to the Constitutional Convention, as we have seen, did not fail to address the issue of presidential authority to invoke...
Brenna Gerhardt
Nov 15, 20214 min read


Executive Privilege: Center Stage, Again
Former President Donald Trump’s assertion of executive privilege to deny the January 6 Select Committee access to his aides, advisers,...
Brenna Gerhardt
Nov 4, 20214 min read


Article V: Amendments to Create a “More Perfect Union”
Article V of the Constitution—the Amendatory Clause—provides the constitutionally prescribed means for changing the Constitution to keep...
Brenna Gerhardt
Oct 28, 20214 min read


The Right to Privacy and the Road to Roe v. Wade
The Supreme Court’s watershed decision in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) which, as we have seen, introduced a general constitutional...
Brenna Gerhardt
Sep 30, 20214 min read


Through the Mists of Time: Origins of the Right to Privacy
Although not mentioned in the Constitution, the right to privacy has been invoked by its enormous following as thoroughly American and...
Brenna Gerhardt
Sep 15, 20214 min read


John Marshall and the Need for Judicial Transparency
Whatever you think about the U.S. Supreme Court’s controversial, 5-4 midnight ruling on the Texas statute forbidding most abortions in...
Brenna Gerhardt
Sep 8, 20214 min read


What Were They Thinking?
The U.S. Senate’s constitutional role in the appointment process for federal judges empowers it to thwart presidential nominations to the...
Brenna Gerhardt
Sep 2, 20214 min read
bottom of page
